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SaFETy Score

Violence Domain:

  • Community Violence

Clinical Setting:

  • Primary Care
  • Emergency Departments
  • Level 1 Trauma Centers

Key Staff:

  • Primary Care Provider
  • Emergency Department Provider

Delivery Mode:

  • Paper
  • Clinician-delivered
  • Electronically

Primary Audience:

  • Youth ages 14 to 24 years

Primary Outcomes:

  • Early detection of young people at risk of future firearm injury​
  • Reduced risk of reinjury and retaliation when administered in emergency care settings alongside anti-violence interventions​

The SaFETy Score is a brief screening tool to assess future firearm injury risk in clinical settings. It consists of four questions framed in non-judgmental, non-incriminating language to encourage honest responses and improve data accuracy. Designed for youth ages 14 to 24, the tool can be implemented in different clinical settings, including emergency departments, Level 1 trauma centers, and primary care. Based on the total score, the tool can be used to refer youth to appropriate interventions at varying levels of intensity. It can be clinician- or self-administered electronically or on paper, allowing patients to respond privately and at their own pace. Standardizing the questions and administration methods supports consistent system-wide screening and follow-up protocols, particularly for individuals identified as medium- or high-risk.

​Score Interpretation

SaFETy Scores range from 0 to 10. A score of 6 or more suggests a very high risk of future exposure to firearm injury, making the patient an appropriate candidate for referral to intensive anti-violence programs and interventions. Patients with scores between 1 and 5 are at moderate risk and may benefit from early intervention and ongoing monitoring.

Serious fighting In the past 6 months, including today, how often did you get into a serious physical fight? 0 (Never) 0
1 (once)​ 1
2 (twice) 1
3 (3-5 times) 1
4+ (6 or more times) 4
Friend weapon carrying (peer influences) How many of your friends have carried a knife, razor, or gun? 1 (none) 0
2 (some) 0
3+ (many, most, or all) 1
Community Environment (community exposure)​ In the past 6 months, how often have you heard guns being shot? 0 0
1 (once or twice) 0
2 (a few times) 0
3 (many times) 1
Firearm Threats (violence victimization)

​

How often, in the past 6 months, including today, has someone pulled a gun on you? 0 (never) 0
1 (once) 3
2+ (twice or more) 4
Total Score (Maximum of 10):

Resources

Background

  • Screening for Youth Firearm Violence Exposure in Primary Care.
  • Association Between the SaFETy Score and Self-reported Firearm Violence Among Young Adults Presenting to Emergency Departments in Three Cities: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Tools

  • Development of the SaFETy Score: A Clinical Screening Tool for Predicting Future Firearm Violence Risk.
Kaiser Permanente Center for Gun Violence Research
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